Research
September 2025AI Engineering

Cross-Domain Solution Matcher

A multi-stage DSPy pipeline for analogical problem solving—finding creative solutions by mapping challenges across completely different domains.

Abstract

This paper presents the Cross-Domain Solution Matcher (CDSM), a novel multi-stage DSPy pipeline that leverages large language models to find analogous solutions from disparate domains. By abstracting problems to their core challenges, mapping them to diverse fields, extracting domain-specific solutions, and synthesizing actionable recommendations, CDSM enables creative problem-solving through cross-domain analogical reasoning.

TL;DR: A 4-stage pipeline (analyze → map → extract → synthesize) that solves problems by finding creative solutions from completely different domains—like using immune system strategies to reduce customer churn.

Reasoning from First Principles

Problems that look different may share the same underlying structure.

Consider a glacier flowing down a mountain versus a queue of customers at a service counter. On the surface, they share nothing. Yet both involve flow constrained by capacity, buildup when input exceeds output, and dynamics influenced by environmental factors.

CDSM operationalizes this principle through explicit abstraction: the first stage extracts the "core challenge" independent of domain-specific details. This abstraction serves as a bridge, allowing the system to identify structurally similar problems in radically different fields.

4-Stage Pipeline Architecture

Each stage has a single, well-defined responsibility with explicit Chain-of-Thought reasoning

01
Problem Analyzer
Extracts the essence of the problem independent of its original domain
  • Core challenge identification
  • Key characteristics extraction
  • Desired outcome definition
  • Domain-agnostic abstraction
02
Domain Mapper
Identifies analogous domains where structurally similar problems have been solved
  • Divergent search across human knowledge
  • 5-7 analogous domain identification
  • Reasoning for each domain selection
  • Structural similarity matching
03
Solution Extractor
For each identified domain, extracts specific solutions and strategies
  • Domain-specific solution mapping
  • Translation to original problem context
  • Implementation ideas generation
  • Fidelity to domain expertise
04
Solution Synthesizer
Integrates insights across all domains into coherent recommendations
  • Common patterns identification
  • Unique domain insights preservation
  • Prioritized recommendations
  • Actionable next steps

Example: Customer Churn Reduction

Problem Input
"How do I reduce customer churn in my SaaS product?"

Domains Mapped

Biological Immune Systems
Ecosystem Resilience
Social Network Dynamics
Addiction Psychology
Jazz Improvisation
Synthesized Recommendations

1. Build an Early Warning System

From immune systems: Track engagement decay patterns, automate intervention triggers, personalize re-engagement messaging

2. Create Variable Reward Structures

From addiction psychology: Implement streak tracking, add surprise bonuses, use gamification judiciously

3. Foster User Communities

From social networks: Enable peer connections, facilitate collaboration, showcase user success publicly

Technical Specifications

Latency
30-90 seconds per problem
API Calls
4 + N (N = domains, typically 5-7)
Token Usage
15,000 + 5,000N tokens
Cost per Problem
$0.30 - $1.20
Context Window
45,000 tokens
Model
Claude Sonnet 4.5
Key Design Principles
  • Chain-of-Thought for All Modules: Every module uses explicit reasoning steps for better quality, interpretability, and debuggability
  • Multi-Stage Pipeline: Reflects natural cognitive process—understanding, recalling, retrieving, adapting
  • Structured Contracts: DSPy signatures define explicit interfaces for type safety and composability
  • High Token Budget: Prioritizes solution quality over API cost with room for rich reasoning chains

Extensions & Future Work

Retrieval-Augmented Generation
Add access to domain-specific textbooks, papers, and up-to-date information for deeper technical details
Parallel Extraction
Process domains concurrently to reduce latency by N times with async coordination logic
DSPy Optimization
Use BootstrapFewShot, MIPRO, or Ensemble for automatic prompt optimization without changing architecture
User Feedback Loop
Rate solutions, track implementation success, enable iterative refinement of domain selection heuristics

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